如何扩展TF卡的剩余空间？

问题描述

我使用的是64 G的TF卡刷镜像系统，但是在昉·星光单板计算机上编译ffmpeg时提示空间不足。在启动Fedora系统并运行df -h命令后，我发现/dev/mmclbk0p4上只挂载了12 G的内存，剩余的空间去哪里了？我该如何做才能使用到剩余的空间？

产品型号

昉·惊鸿7100

硬件版本

昉·星光单板计算机

软件版本

Fedora 33

问题原因

Fedora image解压后是12.6 G，当您烧录Fedora系统时，您的TF卡只分配了12.6 G的空间，剩余的空间未分配。

解决方法

您可以在Fedora系统中扩展TF卡的剩余空间。

解决步骤

查看当前Fedora系统下的磁盘使用情况，执行以下命令后，您能看到根文件系统挂载在/dev/mmcblk0p4分区：

[riscv@fedora-starfive ~]$ df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs        3.5G     0  3.5G   0% /dev
tmpfs           3.6G     0  3.6G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           1.5G  1.2M  1.5G   1% /run
/dev/mmcblk0p4   12G  8.3G  2.9G  75% /
tmpfs           3.6G  4.0K  3.6G   1% /tmp
/dev/mmcblk0p3  458M  130M  314M  30% /boot
/dev/mmcblk0p2  122M  4.5M  118M   4% /boot/efi
tmpfs           718M   52K  718M   1% /run/user/985
tmpfs           718M   44K  718M   1% /run/user/1000
[riscv@fedora-starfive ~]$

执行以下命令，查看到第4分区的起始地址为“1320960”，该地址在后续创建第4分区时会用到。
```
[riscv@fedora-starfive ~]$ cat /sys/block/mmcblk0/mmcblk0p4/start
1320960
[riscv@fedora-starfive ~]$
```

执行以下命令，以操作TF卡：

[riscv@fedora-starfive ~]$ sudo fdisk /dev/mmcblk0
 
We trust you have received the usual lecture from the local System
Administrator.It usually boils down to these three things: 
 
    #1) Respect the privacy of others.
    #2) Think before you type.
    #3) With great power comes great responsibility.
 
[sudo] password for riscv:          #Enter user password
 
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.36.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
 
 
Command (m for help): d         #Delete partition
Partition number (2-4, default 4): 4            #Delete partition #4
 
Partition 4 has been deleted.
 
Command (m for help): n         #Create a new partition
Partition type
   p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p           # Create primary partition
Partition number (1,4, default 1): 4            #Create partition #4
First sector (2048-122138623, default 2048): 1320960            #Enter the starting address of partition #4
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (1320960-122138623, default 122138623):           #Press "enter" to select default 
Created a new partition 4 of type 'Linux' and of size 57.6 GiB.
Partition #4 contains a ext4 signature.
 
Do you want to remove the signature? [Y]es/[N]o: N          #Do not remove the signature
 
Command (m for help): w         #Write the above operations to the partition table
 
The partition table has been altered.
Syncing disks.
 
[riscv@fedora-starfive ~]$

设置完成后，执行以下命令重启系统：
```
sudo reboot
```

重启进入系统后，执行resize2fs命令来调整ext文件系统的空间大小，系统磁盘才能扩容。

[riscv@fedora-starfive ~]$ sudo resize2fs /dev/mmcblk0p4
[sudo] password for riscv:
resize2fs 1.45.6 (20-Mar-2020)
Filesystem at /dev/mmcblk0p4 is mounted on /; on-line resizing r[  313.505284] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p4): resizing filesystem from 2999808 to 15102208 blocks
equired
old_desc_blocks = 2, new_desc_blocks = 8
[  315.140090] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p4): resized filesystem to 15102208
The filesystem on /dev/mmcblk0p4 is now 15102208 (4k) blocks long.
 
[riscv@fedora-starfive ~]$ df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs        3.5G     0  3.5G   0% /dev
tmpfs           3.6G     0  3.6G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           1.5G  1.2M  1.5G   1% /run
/dev/mmcblk0p4   57G  8.3G   49G  15% /
tmpfs           3.6G  4.0K  3.6G   1% /tmp
/dev/mmcblk0p3  458M  130M  314M  30% /boot
/dev/mmcblk0p2  122M  4.5M  118M   4% /boot/efi
tmpfs           718M   52K  718M   1% /run/user/985
tmpfs           718M   44K  718M   1% /run/user/1000
[riscv@fedora-starfive ~]$

现在您的根文件系统已经从原来的12 G扩容到57 G了。